IJBMTP.

Aims and Scope

The International Journal of Business, Management and Technological Perspectives provides a purposeful, neutral and confident international forum for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary publications in business, management and technological perspectives. All novel, technologically invented, innovated and materially relevant perspectives of business and management based on dynamic industrialization, challenging business environment and information technology are published in this journal.

This journal conducts significant research around the globe based on the latest technologies in order to publish articles that are of interest to an international audience and stakeholders. In this journal purposeful novelties are appreciated, sufficient and appropriate rigorous methodologies are encouraged, including but not limited to qualitative, quantitative, meta-analytical, mixed methods, reviews, and conceptual approaches in all areas of stakeholders: investors, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, government and general public. The manuscript published in the IJBMTP must contribute to both theory and empirical research based on precised objectivity and generalizability. There should be a concise, clear, concrete, comparable and consistent emphasis on the relevance of replicable and testable contributions to the creative and technologically innovated practices of business and management in the manuscript.

Research should be novel, engaging, noteworthy, verifiable, comparable, relevant, faithful, and complete and should be demonstrating a reliable, significant, sufficient and appropriate contribution to the field’s understanding of a specific issue or topic. A broader scope of publication has been established for the journal. The journal covers a variety of disciplines, including, but not limited to:

• Management
• Organizational behavior
• Human Resource Management
• Operational management
• Strategic management
• Sustainability and corporate social responsibility
• Environmental and green innovations
• Performance management and waste management
• Public administration and stakeholder analyses
• Organizational theory
• Corporate governance and higher-level management practices
• Psychology
• Criminology
• Leadership
• Change and Control management
• Training and development
• Consumer Psychology
• Marketing; Consumer Behavior
• Entrepreneurship and innovation
• Financial management; behavioral finance
• Information technology and e-commerce
• Dynamic management and digital transformational environment
• Business with top emerging technologies

User

Academics and researchers, government departments, decision makers, managers, consultants and planners in the business and management field.

Impact Factor

Not available

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING

Not available

EDITORIAL BOARD

Your Paper Your Way

We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only whenyour paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article

To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.

Submission checklist

You can use this list to carry out a final check of yoursubmission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.

Ensure that the following items are present:

1. Cover letter to the Editor

2. Title page:

• The names of all contributing authors should be included; please list them in the order in which you’d like them to be published. The following detail should be;

• Author email address (institutional preferred).

• Author name. We will reproduce it exactly, so any middle names and/or initials they want featured must be included

• Author affiliation. This should be where they were based when the research for the paper was conducted.

• In multi-authored papers, it’s important that All authors that have made a significant contribution to the paper are listed. Those who have provided support but have not contributed to the research should be featured in an acknowledgements section. You should never include people who have not contributed to the paper or who don’t want to be associated with the research.

• Please note that only one person should be designated as the corresponding author. By definition, corresponding author is the person who submits the manuscript. No change of corresponding authorship can be made after the paper's final submission through the Editorial Manager portal.

All necessary files have been uploaded:

3. Anonymous Manuscript:

• Include structured abstract

• Include keywords

• Include Introduction

• Include Literature Review

• All figures (include relevant captions)

• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)

• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided

4. Impact statement

5. Highlights

6. Authors biography with photos

Further considerations

• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'

• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa

• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources; including the internet

• A competing interest’s statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare

Before you begin

Ethicsin publishing

It is worthwhile to note that all matters regarding “allegations of misconduct”, “authorship and contribution”, “complaints and appeals”, “conflicts of interest / competing interests”, “data and reproducibility”, “ethical oversight”, “intellectual property”, “journal management”, “peer review processes”, “post-publication discussions and corrections” will be settled by following the guidelines and core practices as enunciated by COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

The publication of a research article in the journal is a prime part in the progress and development of coherent and reverend framework of knowledge and intellect. It reflects the quality of the work as extended by the authors and the institutions which support them. It is, therefore, incumbent to observe the strict standards of ethical behavior for all those involved in the process of publishing.

The formal component of the scholarly communication system, that is to say the publication of an article in a peer reviewed learned journal, serves many purposes outside of simple communication. It is a building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is prima facie evidence for the quality and impact of the research work of its authors and by extension the institutions that support them. It supports, and is itself and example, of the scientific method. For all these reasons and more, it is important to lay down standards of expected ethical behaviour by all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher and the society for societyowned or sponsored journals. This includes all parties treating each other with respect and dignity and without discrimination, harassment, bullying or retaliation.

Publisher and Editors

As scholarly journal publisher and editors, we believe in upholding the highest ethical standards in all our practices. We are committed to maintaining the integrity of the research that we publish, as well as the privacy and confidentiality of our 4 authors, reviewers, and readers. To fulfill this commitment, we pledge to adhere to the following ethical statements

> Editorial independence: We maintain editorial independence and will not allow any external influences to compromise the quality, objectivity, or accuracy of the research that we publish.

Peer review: We ensure that all research that we publish undergoes rigorous peer review by qualified experts in the relevant fields. We strive to maintain the confidentiality of our reviewers and to protect their anonymity if requested.

Authorship: We require that all authors of research submitted to us meet the criteria for authorship, as defined by international guidelines. We also require that all authors disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their research.

Plagiarism and fraud: We are committed to preventing plagiarism and fraud in all forms. We require that all research submitted to us be original and not previously published or under review elsewhere. We also require that authors acknowledge all sources of funding for their research.

Transparency: We are committed to being transparent in our practices and policies. We make our policies regarding peer review, editorial decisions, and publishing procedures readily available to our authors, reviewers, and readers.

Diversity and inclusion: We are committed to promoting diversity and inclusion in all aspects of our publishing practices. We welcome submissions from researchers of all backgrounds and strive to ensure that our editorial and review processes are free from bias and discrimination.

Correction and retraction: We acknowledge that errors and mistakes can occur in research, and we are committed to correcting them promptly and transparently. If errors or mistakes are discovered after publication, we will issue corrections or retractions as appropriate.

We believe that upholding these ethical statements is essential to maintaining the trust of our authors, reviewers, and readers. We will continue to review and update our policies and practices to ensure that we meet the highest ethical standards in all our publishing endeavors.

Reviewers

Reviewers play a critical role in maintaining the quality and integrity of academic research. Reviewers shall recognize the importance of upholding the highest ethical standards in their work and pledge to adhere to the following ethical statements:

Confidentiality: Reviewers shall respect the confidentiality of the peer review process and the manuscripts that they handle. Reviewers will not disclose any information related to the manuscripts or the review process, unless authorized by the relevant parties or required by law.

Objectivity and impartiality: Reviewers shall strive to evaluate manuscripts based solely on their academic merit, without regard to factors such as authors’ race, gender, nationality, or institutional affiliation. Reviewers shall disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence the review and recuse from handling manuscripts if necessary.

Timeliness: Reviewers shall recognize the importance of timely review and strive to complete the reviews within the agreed>> upon timeframe. If reviewers are unable to meet the deadline, they shall inform the editors promptly and provide an estimated timeline for completion.

Constructive feedback: Reviewers shall provide constructive feedback to the authors that is helpful in improving the quality of the manuscript. Reviewers refrain from making personal attacks or derogatory comments.

Originality and plagiarism: Reviewers shall ensure that the manuscripts they handle are original and not previously published or under review elsewhere. Reviewers shall report any suspected cases of plagiarism or fraud to the editors promptly

Professionalism: Reviewers shall conduct themselves professionally in all aspects of work as reviewers. Reviewers shall treat the authors and their work with respect and provide feedback that is both constructive and objective.

Authors

Authors shall be dedicated to upholding the highest ethical standards in all aspects of their research. Authors recognize that their work has a significant impact on the academic community and society as a whole. Therefore, authors shall pledge to adhere to the following ethical statements:

Originality and authenticity: Authors shall ensure that their work is original and authentic, and that authors have acknowledged all sources used in their research. Authors do not engage in plagiarism or any other forms of academic misconduct.

Accuracy and integrity: Authors shall strive to ensure the accuracy and integrity of their research. Authors present their findings honestly and accurately and do not manipulate data or results to support their hypotheses or arguments.

Consent and ethical considerations: Authors shall obtain appropriate ethical approval and informed consent for their research involving human subjects, animals, or any other sensitive topics. Authors shall ensure that their research is conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Acknowledgment and attribution: Authors shall acknowledge and attribute the contributions of all individuals and organizations that have contributed to their research. Authors do not misrepresent the contributions of others or claim credit for work that is not their own.

Conflict of interest: Authors shall disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence their research. Authors do not accept funding or other forms of support that may compromise their academic integrity or independence.

Responsiveness and cooperation: Authors shall respond promptly and cooperatively to requests for information or clarification related to their research. Authors shall acknowledge and address any errors or mistakes in their work promptly and transparently.

Social Responsibility: Authors shall consider the potential impact of their research on society, and take steps to ensure that their findings are communicated clearly and effectively to the public.

Respect and professionalism: Authors shall treat editorial colleagues, reviewers, and editors with respect and professionalism in all aspects of their interactions. Authors shall provide constructive feedback and engage in scholarly discourse that is both respectful and constructive.

For authors in the areas of biology and medical science, the ethical statements below should be included:

Informed consent: Authors shall obtain informed consent from human participants, ensuring that they fully understand the nature and purpose of the research, as well as any potential risks and benefits.

Animal welfare: Authors shall ensure that animal research is conducted humanely and with the minimum amount of suffering necessary to achieve scientific goals. They should adhere to animal welfare guidelines and regulations, and use alternatives to animal research whenever possible.

Respect for diversity: Authors shall ensure that their research does not discriminate against individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or other personal characteristics.

COPE’s Practices

• Allegations of Misconduct
• Authorship and Contributorship
• Complaints and Appeals
• Conflicts of Interest / Competing Interests
• Data and Reproducibility
• Ethical Oversight
• Intellectual Property
• Journal Management
• Peer Review Processes
• Post-publication Discussions and Corrections

Publication decisions

The editor of the journal is solemnly responsible in deciding which of the manuscripts submitted to the journal ought to be published. The quality and authenticity of the work under consideration and its significance to researchers and readers must always incite such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies as enunciated by the editorial board of the journal, to ensure that there must not befall any type of vilification, denunciation, libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may converse with other editorial board members or reviewers in making this decision.

The editor is invariably required to evaluate articles regarding their intellectual content without taking into account the race, gender, religious dogmas, ethnic orientation, citizenship or political or philosophical proclivity of the authors.

The editorial board is committed to ensure that reprinting, advertising or other commercial revenue has no impact on the editorial decisions

Declaration of interest

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disclose any interests: Asummary declaration of intereststatementin the title page fi

Submission declaration and verification

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright- holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by originality or duplicate checking software.

Use of inclusive language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that referto personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive

Author contributions

For transparency, we encourage authors to submit an author statement file outlining their individualcontributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing. Authorship statements should be formatted with the names of authorsfirst and CRediT role(s) following

Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request sucha change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reasonfor the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being 7 added or removed.

Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.

Copyright

Upon acceptanceof an article, authorswillbe asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Submission

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.

Submission categories

Research paper: Articles should be between 6000 and 12000 words in length. This includes all text, for example, the structured abstract, references, all text in tables, and figures and appendices.

Case study (approx.6000 words): Articlesthat reportstudies carried out in a single location thatcan demonstrate the validity of and contribution to the further development of a theory/method/ analysis technique/innovative concept.

Research note (approx. 3,500 words): Short research papers that report a small-scale study ona niche topic/concept, and should contribute to knowledge/theoretical/methodological advancement beyond offering pure empirical evidence of a phenomenon.

Current issues (up to 6,000 words):Short commentaries of current issues or critiques of published articlesfrom a theoretical perspective.These articles could be conceptual in nature; however, views should be grounded in prior scholarly work so as to further advance knowledge creation. These commentaries may also be followed by rejoinders and other comments on the issues as part of a critical scholarly debate around contemporary or methodological issues.

Preparation

New Submission

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process. As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay- out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission.

Authors are advised to check their own manuscripts with software such as Turnitin or iThenticate prior to submission to ensure that materials do not include those already existing in the public domain. Try to minimize similarity percentage to below 1% with any previous publication, with accumulated similarity of no more than 15%. If in any doubt, please cite page numbers after the author and year of publication within the text and wherever appropriate use quotation marks;

An impact statement of up to 150 words is required. Please inform the readers what contribution or beneficial effects this research/paper brings to the wider society, economy (including tourism industry), culture, public policy or services, health, quality of life or the environment. The impacts stated here are not academic contributions, but impacts beyond the academy. An impact statement is not an abstract of the study.

Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).

Biographical note of no more than 100 words shall accompany a photograph of each author;

An additional short note should also be appended indicating the contribution made by each author to the paper;

Authors are encouraged to share data-sets or provide more details as to the nature of the data using the ability to provide additional files when submitting a manuscript;

A failure to comply with the guidelines may mean the editor will simply decline to progress the paper further for reasons of non-compliance with journal guidelines. The editors' decisions are final.

Rejected manuscripts should not be resubmitted without a major revision, which means a large portion of the paper is new including the title.

Line Numbering Text

Please ensure your paper has consecutive line numbering. This is an essential peer review requirement.

Formatting requirements

The font should be Times New Roman and font size 12. Headings must be concise, with a clear indication of the required hierarchy. The preferred format is for first level headings to be in bold, and subsequent sub-headings to be in medium italics. The all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Impact Statement, Highlights, Structured Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusions, Figures and Tables with Captions.

Figures and tables embedded in text

Please ensure the figures and tables are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. Ensure that each illustration has a caption. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Peer review

This journal operates a double-blind review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final.

Double-blind

This journal uses double anonymized review, which means the identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. To facilitate this, please include the following separately: Title page (with author details): This should include the title, authors' names, affiliations, acknowledgements and any Declaration of Interest statement, and a complete address for the corresponding author including an e-mail address.

Anonymized manuscript (no author details): The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, tables and any acknowledgements) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors' names or affiliations.

Revised Submission

Use of word processing software

Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts.

To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.

Article structure

Subdivision - numbered sections

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Literature Review

A Literature Review section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work.

Material and Methods

Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

Vitae

Authors are asked to provide a short biographical note for each author of approximately no more than 100 words, which shall accompany photographs of the authors. These will be reproduced at the end of the article.

Essential title page information

Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible

Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower- case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.

Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Impact Statement

An Impact Statement of up to 150 words is required. Please inform the readers what contribution or beneficial effects this research/paper brings to the wider society, economy (including the tourism industry), culture, public policy or services, health, quality of life or the environment. The demonstrable difference should be made outside of academia, in the real world. Impact statement should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Impact Statement' in the file name.

Highlights

They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).

Structured Abstract

All submissions must include a structured abstract, following the format outlined below.

These four sub-headings and their accompanying explanations must always be included:

Purpose

Design/methodology/approach

Findings

Originality

The following three sub-headings are optional and can be included, if applicable:

Research limitations/implications

Practical implications

Social implications

The maximum length of your abstract should be 250 words in total, including keywords and article classification (see the sections below).

Keywords Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 8 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.

Footnotes Authors are asked to keep the use of footnotes to a minimum and not to use more than five footnotes to better ensure the flow of the text. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Table footnotes Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter

Acknowledgements

Include acknowledgements on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.). Please avoid including any acknowledgements or personal information that might identify you in the body of the paper.

Figure captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Figure captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

References

Citation in text Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Examples:

Authors' Names

Type of Citation	Narrative Format	Parenthetical Format
One work by one author	Walker (2007)	(Walker, 2007)
One work by two authors	Walker and Allen (2004)	(Walker & Allen, 2004)
One work by three or more authors	Bradley et al. (1999)	(Bradley et al., 1999)

Organizations or Groups as Authors Citation Formats

Type of Citation	Narrative Format, First Citation in Text	Narrative Format, Subsequent Citations in Text	Parenthetical Format, First Citation in Text	Parenthetical Format, Subsequent Citations in Text
Groups as authors (readily identified through abbreviation)	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2003)	NIMH (2003)	(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)	(NIMH, 2003)
Groups as authors (no abbreviation)	University of Pittsburgh (2005)	University of Pittsburgh (2005)	(University of Pittsburgh, 2005)	(University of Pittsburgh, 2005)

References: Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/ book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged and must be provided.

APA (American Psychological Association): Text: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association. You are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition.

List: references should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.

Examples:

Journal Article

Edwards, A. A., Steacy, L. M., Siegelman, N., Rigobon, V. M., Kearns, D. M., Rueckl, J. G., & Compton, D. L. (2022). Unpacking the unique relationship between set for variability and word reading development: Examining word- and child-level predictors of performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(6), 1242–1256.

View More

Online Magazine Article

Thomson, J. (2022, September 8). Massive, strange white structures appear on Utah’s Great Salt Lake. Newsweek.

View More

Print Magazine Article

Nicholl, K. (2020, May). A royal spark. Vanity Fair, 62(5), 56–65, 100.

Online Newspaper Article

Roberts, S. (2020, April 9). Early string ties us to Neanderthals. The New York Times.

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Print Newspaper Article

Reynolds, G. (2019, April 9). Different strokes for athletic hearts. The New York Times, D4.

Blog Post

Rutledge, P. (2019, March 11). The upside of social media. The Media Psychology Blog.

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Authored Book

Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Pineau, T. R. (2018). Mindful sport performance.

enhancement: Mental training for athletes and coaches. American

Psychological Association.

View More View More

Online Dictionary Entry

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology.

Retrieved April 24, 2022, from

Psychological Association.

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Report by a Group Author

World Health Organization. (2014). Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition.

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Report by Individual Authors (Section 10.4)

Winthrop, R., Ziegler, L., Handa, R., & Fakoya, F. (2019).How playful learning can help leapfrog progress in education.Center for Universal Education at Brookings.

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Press Release

American Psychological Association. (2020, March 2).APA reaffirms psychologists’ role in combating climate change [Press release].

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Conference Session

Davidson, R. J. (2019, August 8–11).Well-being is a skill [Conference session]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States.

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Dissertation from a Database

Horvath-Plyman, M. (2018).Social media and the college student journey: An examination of how social media use impacts social capital and affects college choice, access, and transition (Publication No. 10937367). [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Preprint Article

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020).A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv.

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Data Set

O’Donohue, W. (2017).Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.

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Film or Video

Docter, P., & Del Carmen, R. (Directors). (2015). Inside out [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Pixar Animation Studios.

TV Series Episode

Dippold, K. (Writer), & Trim, M. (Director). (2011, April 14). Fancy party (Season 3, Episode 9) [TV series episode]. In G. Daniels, H. Klein, D. Miner, & M. Schur (Executive Producers), Parks and recreation. Deedle-Dee Productions; Fremulon; 3 Arts Entertainment; Universal Media Studios.

Webinar

Kamin, H. S., Lee, C. L., & McAdoo, T. L. (2020). Creating references using seventh edition APA Style [Webinar]. American Psychological Association.

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YouTube Video

Above The Noise. (2017, October 18). Can procrastination be a good thing? [Video]. YouTube.

View

Song or Track

Nirvana. (1991). Smells like teen spirit [Song]. On Nevermind.DGC.

Radio Broadcast

Hersher, R. (2020, March 19). Spring starts today all over America,which is weird [Radio broadcast]. NPR.

View

Podcast Episode

Santos, L. (Host). (n.d.)Psychopaths and superheroes (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In The happiness lab with Dr. Laurie Santos. Pushkin Industries. View More

Infographic

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Data sharing [Infographic]. View More

PowerPoint From a Classroom Website

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. View More

Tweet

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2020, April 7).It’s World Health Day, and we owe a profound debt of gratitude to all our medical professionals. They’re still giving [Tweet]. Twitter. View More

Open Educational Resource

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from View More

Webpage

Chandler, N. (2020, April 9). What’s the difference between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? howstuffworks. View More

Webpage on a News Website

Machado, J., & Turner, K. (2020, March 7). The future of feminism. Vox. View More

Webpage with a Retrieval Date

Center for Systems Science and Engineering. (2020, May 6). COVID-19 dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Johns Hopkins University & Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from View More

After acceptance

Online proof correction

To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.

If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.

We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.

Open Access and Article Processing Charge (APC)

All articles published in International Journal of Business and Management Perspectives (IJBMP) are published in full open access. In order to provide free access to readers, and to cover the costs of peer review, copyediting, typesetting, long-term archiving, and journal management, an article processing charge (APC) of applies to papers accepted after peer review.

Special Issues

The International Journal of Business and Management Perspectives (IJBMP) runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. Papers published in a Special Issue will be collected together on a dedicated page of the journal website. For any inquiries related to a Special Issue, please contact the Editorial Office.

Research Funding

Your article must reference all sources of external research funding in the acknowledgements section. You should describe the role of the funder or financial sponsor in the entire research process, from study design to submission.

Submission Files

Cover letter to the Editor

Title page

Anonymous document

Impact statement

Highlights

Authors biography with photos